The Orange Revolution (Ukrainian: Помаранчева революція, Pomarancheva revolyutsiya) was a series of protests and political events that took place in Ukraine from late November 2004 to January 2005, in the immediate aftermath of the run-off vote of the 2004 Ukrainian presidential election, which was claimed to be marred by massive corruption, voter intimidation and electoral fraud. Pg 14, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Russian military intervention (2014–present), 2011 South Ossetian presidential election, protests following the 2011 Russian elections, a bill criminalising gay "propaganda" in Russia, Ukrainian integration into the European Union, Customs Union of Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia, Ukraine's Orange Revolution: Causes and Consequences, The Colour Revolutions in the Former Soviet Republics: Ukraine, Ukrainian Politics, Energy and Corruption under Kuchma and Yushchenko, Savik Shuster: I’m the only thing to remain after "orange revolution", Putin calls 'color revolutions' an instrument of destabilisation, Ukraine is Not Russia:Comparing Youth Political Activism, "Yanukovich declared winner in Ukraine poll", "Viktor Yanukovych sworn in as Ukraine president", http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/country_profiles/1102303.stm, http://www.osw.waw.pl/en/publikacje/osw-studies/2005-07-13/orange-revolution-ukraine-attempt-to-understand-reasons, Understanding Ukrainian Politics: Power, Politics, and Institutional Design, Revolution in Orange: The Origins of Ukraine's Democratic Breakthrough, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Civil Resistance and Power Politics: The Experience of Non-violent Action from Gandhi to the Present, Ukraine 2004: Informal Networks, Transformation of Social Capital and Coloured Revolutions, Yanukovych says presidential election scenario of 2004 won't be repeated in 2010, Official CEC announcement of results as of 10 January 2005, BACK CHANNELS: A Crackdown Averted; How Top Spies in Ukraine Changed the Nation's Path, "How Yanukovych Forged the Elections. In response, Yushchenko's opponents denounced him for taking an illegitimate oath, and even some of his moderate supporters were ambivalent about this act, while a more radical side of the Yushchenko camp demanded him to act even more decisively. Headquarters' Telephone Talks Intercepted", Russia, the US, “the Others” and the “101 Things to Do to Win a (Colour)Revolution”: Reflections on Georgia and Ukraine, Update: Return to 1996 Constitution strengthens president, raises legal questions, Court forbade Maydan after first tour of election, Central Election Commission Candidate Results, Ukraine. [41] Incumbent President Viktor Yushchenko got 5,5% of votes during the election. In the 2010 presidential election Viktor Yanukovych was declared the winner which was labeled by some Yanukovych supporters as "An end to this Orange nightmare". But it was an important symbolic gesture meant to demonstrate the resolve of the Yushchenko campaign not to accept the compromised election results. His premiership ended in late 2007 after Yushchenko had succeeded in his months-long attempt to dissolve parliament. These came into effect in 2006 during which Yanukovych's Party of Regions won the parliamentary election, creating a coalition government with the Socialists and the Communists under his leadership. In the wake of the first round of the election, many complaints emerged regarding voting irregularities in favour of the government-supported Yanukovych. And over time, some of them will prevail. Image of europe, maidan, deputies - 83100772 [26], In total 18.4% of Ukrainians have claimed to have taken part in the Orange Revolution (across Ukraine).[2]. [citation needed] In such a scenario, this "presidential oath" Yushchenko took could be used to lend legitimacy to the claim that he, rather than his rival who tried to gain the presidency through alleged fraud, was a true commander-in-chief authorised to give orders to the military and security agencies. [57][58][59], A 2007 research revealed that opinion about the nature of the Orange Revolution had barely shifted since 2004 and that the attitudes about it in the country remained divided along the same largely geographical lines that it had been at the time of the revolution (West and Central Ukraine being more positive about the events and South and Eastern Ukraine more cynical (seniors also)). ", Goldstein, Joshua. The Singing Revolution was so named because Balts identified songs as the unifying symbol and nonviolent weapon of choice in the struggle for national self-determination. As part of the Orange Revolution, the Ukrainian constitution was changed to shift powers from the presidency to the parliament. Glorious Revolution, events of 1688–89 that resulted in the deposition of English King James II and the accession of his daughter Mary II and her husband, William III, prince of Orange and stadholder of the Netherlands. In September 2004 Yushchenko suffered dioxin poisoning under mysterious circumstances. It was called the Singing Revolution because of … Oleksander Galaka, head of GUR (military intelligence) made calls to "prevent bloodshed". [original research? The end of the Orange Revolution Eric Stoner Thank you for your interest in republishing this story. [65] In 2013 a Russian State Duma Oleg Nilov and former fellow Russian politician Sergey Glazyev referred to political adversaries as "different personalities in some sort of orange or bright shorts" and "diplomats and bureaucrats that appeared after the years of the 'orange' hysteria". This Election Commission announcement[30] cleared the way for Yushchenko's inauguration as the President of Ukraine. "Results of Voting in Ukraine Presidential Elections 2004". Kyiv - Ukraine - December 2004. [49][50][51] President Yanukovych stated he moved "Day of Freedom" because of "numerous appeals from the public". The orange revolution may not necessarily spread, but people will persist in their struggles against tyranny. Ukraine:Has Yushchenko Betrayed The Orange Revolution? This was a non-violent revolution that overthrew a very violent occupation. After two terms of presidency (1994-2005) and the Cassette Scandal of 2000 that ruined his image irreparably, Kuchma decided not to run for a third term in the 2004 elections and instead supported Prime Minister Viktor Yanukovych in the presidential race against Viktor Yushchenko of the Our Ukraine–People's Self-Defense Bloc. When people heard the news that Yanukovich was elected, they were deeply hurt and deceived. In addition to the desire to avoid bloodshed, the New York Times article suggests that siloviki, as the security officers are often called in the countries of the former Soviet Union, were motivated by personal aversion to the possibility of having to serve President Yanukovych, who was in his youth convicted of robbery and assault and had alleged connection with corrupt businessmen, especially if he were to ascend to the presidency by fraud. The Orange Revolution tried to enforce its demands in the framework of the law. Some observers argued that this symbolic presidential oath might have been useful to the Yushchenko camp should events have taken a more confrontational route. This election caused Ukraine to split and almost started a civil war. Many of the government officials who were on his side went on to fully support the election campaign of Yushchenko and well as his ideas in general. The absence of clear institutional channels for a swift resolution, the increased politicization of the judiciary, and the use of selective justice against protestors, which strengthened the far right segment, all contributed to the tragic spiral of [31] This event brought the Ukrainian Orange Revolution to its peaceful conclusion. Cleared to seek a third term as president by the Constitutional Court, Kuchma instead endorsed the candidacy of Prime Minister Viktor Yanukovych, who was also strongly supported by Russian Pres. (See: This page was last edited on 7 January 2021, at 19:26. "Ukraine is a European democratic country", said Yushchenko in a sort of political will at the polling station. Wikinews has News related to this article: Reversal of authorities' attempt to rig the 2004 presidential elections, sitting Prime Minister Viktor Yanukovych, largely supported by Leonid Kuchma (the outgoing President of Ukraine who had already served two terms in office from 1994 and was precluded from running himself due to the. The candidates who came third and fourth collected much less: Oleksandr Moroz of the Socialist Party of Ukraine and Petro Symonenko of the Communist Party of Ukraine received 5.82% and 4.97%, respectively. That's why the ideals of the Orange Revolution won". The official ceremony took place in the Verkhovna Rada building on 23 January 2005 and was followed by the "public inauguration" of the newly sworn President at Maidan Nezalezhnosti (Independence Square) in front of hundreds of thousands of his supporters. [53][54][55][56] No officials involved in the 2004 elections that preceded the Orange Revolution were convicted for election fraud. Your victory depends upon how many people are ready to say ‘No’ to this government, ‘No’ to a total falsification of the elections.” Georgiy Gongadze, a Ukrainian journalist and the founder of Ukrayinska Pravda (an Internet newspaper well known for publicising the corruption or unethical conduct of Ukrainian politicians) was kidnapped and murdered in 2000. The preliminary results, announced by the Central Election Commission on 28 December, gave Yushchenko and Yanukovych 51.99% and 44.20% of the total vote which represented a change in the vote by +5.39% to Yushchenko and −5.27% from Yanukovych respectively when compared to the November poll. [37] Analysts believe that the Internet and mobile phones allowed an alternative media to flourish that was not subject to self-censorship or overt control by President Kuchma and his allies and pro-democracy activists (such as Pora!) Orange Revolution: The 17 days of nonviolent resistance by the people of Ukraine against their chronically corrupt government. [2] It has been suggested that since the Orange Revolution was impactful enough to interest people of all ages it increased the overall unity of Ukraine. On 1 December 2004, the Verkhovna Rada passed a resolution that strongly condemned pro-separatist and federalisation actions, and passed a non-confidence vote in the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, a decision Prime Minister Yanukovych refused to recognise. 5 Howick Place | London | SW1P 1WG. By closing this message, you are consenting to our use of cookies. BBC News. Storming the Bastille on July 14 th 1789, which some scholars consider the start of the Revolution, exhibits erratic and violent behavior. [47], President Viktor Yushchenko decreed in 2005 that 22 November (the starting day of the Orange Revolution) will be a non-public holiday "Day of Freedom". eds. Demonstrations of public support for Yanukovych were held throughout Eastern Ukraine and some of his supporters arrived in Kyiv. The Orange Revolution was a series of protests and political events that took place in Ukraine from late November 2004 to January 2005, in the immediate aftermath of the run-off vote of the 2004 Ukrainian presidential election, which was claimed to be marred by massive corruption, voter intimidation and electoral fraud. Viktor Yushchenko (first round) – percentage of total national vote, Viktor Yanukovych (first round) – percentage of total national vote, Viktor Yushchenko (second round) – percentage of total national vote, Viktor Yanukovych (second round) – percentage of total national vote, Protests began on the eve of the second round of voting, as the official count differed markedly from exit poll results which gave Yushchenko up to an 11% lead, while official results gave the election win to Yanukovych by 3%. The Orange Revolution had enough popular impact that it interested people of all ages. James II was trying to overtake power in the country without Parliament, but did not succeed because he ran out of money. This new wave of younger people had different views of the main figures in Ukraine. The pact included a promise by Viktor Yushchenko to nominate Tymoshenko as Prime Minister if Yushchenko won the October 2004 presidential election.[19]. On 3 December 2004, Ukraine's Supreme Court finally broke the political deadlock. After a clear lack of faith in the government had been instilled in the Ukrainian population, Yushchenko's role had never been more important to the revolution. [42] This murder sparked a movement against Kuchma in 2000 that can be seen as the origin of the Orange Revolution in 2004. [50][nb 2], Outright vote rigging diminished after the 2004 presidential election. The scale of the demonstrations in Kyiv was unprecedented. [11][63][64] Putin also claimed that the organisers of the Russian protests in December 2011 were former (Russian) advisors to Yushchenko during his presidency and were transferring the Orange Revolution to Russia. The state of Ukraine during the 2004 presidential election is considered an "ideal condition" for an outburst from the public. The Singing Revolution is the name given to the step-by-step process that led to the reestablishment of Estonian independence in 1991. [44] Immediately after his election Yanukovych promised to "clear the debris of misunderstanding and old problems that emerged during the years of the Orange power". [35] These conversations were likely recorded and provided to the opposition by sympathisers in the Ukrainian Security Services. We use cookies to improve your website experience. The communists left the alliance: Symonenko opposed the idea of a single candidate from the alliance in the Ukrainian presidential election of 2004; but the other three parties remained allies[17] until July 2006. But the implications of that victory--throughout the region and the world--will be fully understood only in the years to come. Berkman Center Research Publication. The two main candidates were neck and neck in the first-round vote held on 31 October 2004, winning 39.32% (Yanukovych) and 39.87% (Yushchenko) of the votes cast. [13][66][nb 3] In 2016 the Russian newspaper Izvestia claimed It also serves as a means of demonstrating your solidarity in eliminating all forms of violence and it is therefore used as the color of the International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women. At the same time, local officials in Eastern and Southern Ukraine, the stronghold of Viktor Yanukovych, started a series of actions alluding to the possibility of the breakup of Ukraine or an extra-constitutional federalisation of the country, should their candidate's claimed victory not be recognised. Ukraine - Ukraine - The Orange Revolution and the Yushchenko presidency: The presidential election of 2004 brought Ukraine to the brink of disintegration and civil war. [68], Central Kyiv: hundreds of thousands up to one million by some estimates, Помаранчева революція, Pomarancheva revolyutsiya, Ukraine Presidential Election campaign 2004, Role of Ukrainian intelligence and security agencies. Yuschenko was on the same level as his constituents and presented his ideas in a "non-Soviet" way. At the time when the mass protests grew, and especially when they brought about political change in the country, the term Orange Revolution came to represent the entire series of events. [62], During Alexander Lukashenko's inauguration (ceremony) as President of Belarus of 22 January 2011 Lukashenko vowed that Belarus would never have its own version of the Orange Revolution and Georgia's 2003 Rose Revolution. Yushchenko was declared the official winner and with his inauguration on 23 January 2005 in Kyiv, the Orange Revolution ended. This article surveys five state-backed violent strategies used in Ukraine’s 2004 elections: inciting regional and inter-ethnic conflict, assassinations, violence against the opposition, counter-revolution and use of the security forces. Yanukovych cancels Freedom Day on 22 Nov. Yanukovych abolishes Day of Liberty on 22 November, "Ukrainians to celebrate Day of Dignity and Freedom on November 21, Unity Day on January 22", Understanding Ukrainian Politics:Power, Politics, And Institutional Design, International observers say Ukrainian election was free and fair, European Parliament president greets Ukraine on conducting free and fair presidential election, Ukraine on its meandering path between East and West. According to Abel Polese, Kuchma was concerned about its reputation in the West; because of lack of natural resources to finance his regime he had to show a commitment to democracy in order to be targeted for Western financial assistance. On 8 December 2004 the parliament amended laws to provide a legal framework for the new round of elections. Therefore, it invalidated the official results that would have given Yanukovych the presidency. [34] The SBU (Security Service of Ukraine, a successor to the KGB in Ukraine) warned opposition leaders of the crackdown. According to one version of events recounted by The New York Times,[33] Ukrainian security agencies played an unusual role in the Orange Revolution, with a KGB successor agency in the former Soviet state providing qualified support to the political opposition. 2004 – The Orange Revolution in Ukraine, followed the disputed second round of the 2004 presidential election and led to the annulment of the result and the repeat of the round—the leader of the opposition Viktor Yushchenko was declared President, defeating Viktor Yanukovych. Apparently (in particular) the Party of Regions, All-Ukrainian Union "Fatherland" and Svoboda had applied for a permit to demonstrate there. 25 November has been designed as the Orange Day by the UNiTE to End Violence against Women Campaign. in Civil Resistance and Power Politics: The Experience of Non-violent Action from Gandhi to the Present. The abundance of younger people who participated showed an increasing sense of nationalism that was developing in the country. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009. Protesters in the park in front of the Cabinet of Ministers After the election, Yanukovych's party again was the largest, but Tymoshenko's finished far ahead of Yushchenko's for second place. As per the paper report, on 28 November 2004 over 10,000 MVS (Internal Ministry) troops were mobilised to put down the protests in Independence Square in Kyiv by the order of their commander, Lt. Gen. Sergei Popkov. The next morning after the certification took place, Yushchenko spoke to supporters in Kyiv, urging them to begin a series of mass protests, general strikes and sit-ins with the intent of crippling the government and forcing it to concede defeat. [2] Beginning on 22 November 2004,[22] massive protests[nb 1] started in cities across Ukraine:[22] the largest, in Kyiv's Maidan Nezalezhnosti (Independence Square), attracted an estimated 500,000 participants,[5] who on 23 November 2004, peacefully marched in front of the headquarters of the Verkhovna Rada, the Ukrainian parliament, many wearing orange or carrying orange flags, the colour of Yushchenko's campaign coalition. In view of the threat of illegitimate government acceding to power, Yushchenko's camp announced the creation of the Committee of National Salvation which declared a nationwide political strike. These accusations were reinforced by similar allegations, though at a lesser scale, during the first presidential run of 31 October. (2007) The Role of Digital Networked Technologies in the Ukrainian Orange Revolution. The color orange symbolizes a brighter future, free of violence. Supreme Court of Ukraine decision regarding the annulment of 21 November vote. "It is a free nation and free people. In November 2009 Yanukovych stated that although his victory in the elections was "taken away", he gave up this victory in order to avoid bloodshed. [19]), On 2 July 2004 Our Ukraine and the Yulia Tymoshenko Bloc established the Force of the People, a coalition which aimed to stop "the destructive process that has, as a result of the incumbent authorities, become a characteristic for Ukraine" - at the time President Leonid Kuchma and Prime Minister Viktor Yanukovych were the "incumbent authorities" in Ukraine. It has even been suggested that the Orange Revolution was the first example of an Internet-organised mass protest. The Mayor's office had requested this in order to avoid "nonstandard situations" during the aftermath of the 2010 presidential election. [2] This research (also) showed that Ukrainians in total had a less positive view on the Orange Revolution in 2007 than they had in 2005. In 2004, Prime Minister Viktor Yanukovych was declared the winner of the presidential elections. Problems of Post-Communism: Vol. Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine. In the following years, the Orange Revolution had a negative connotation among pro-government circles in Belarus and Russia.[10][11][12][13]. Yushchenko's supporters originally adopted orange as the signifying colour of his election campaign. Its most intense period lasted from November 22 until December 8, and Yushchenko™s inauguration marked its end. Orange Revolution The Orange revolution took place from late November 2004 to January 2005, and primarily took place in Kiev, Ukraine.Between that time frame, there were non-violent protests because the people were unhappy about the elections in Ukraine. "[28], The 26 December revote was held under intense scrutiny of local and international observers. [36], Throughout the demonstrations, Ukraine's emerging Internet usage (facilitated by news sites which began to disseminate the Kuchma tapes) was an integral part of the orange revolutionary process. Since no candidate had won more than 50% of the cast ballots, Ukrainian law mandated a run-off vote between two leading candidates. The election fraud emphasised the Ukrainian citizens' desire for a more pluralistic type of government. Vladimir Putin. Street protests erupted in Kyiv, and Lutsenko and Klitschko emerged as the leaders of the largest demonstrations since the Orange Revolution. [48] This date was moved to 22 January (and merged with Unification Day) by President Viktor Yanukovych late December 2011. [citation needed], The Yushchenko campaign publicly called for protest on the dawn of election day, 21 November 2004, when allegations of fraud began to spread in the form of leaflets printed and distributed by the 'Democratic Initiatives' foundation, announcing that Yushchenko had won – on the basis of its exit poll. Yanukovych was officially certified as the victor by the Central Election Commission, which itself was allegedly involved in falsification of electoral results by withholding the information it was receiving from local districts and running a parallel illegal computer server to manipulate the results. The Orange Revolution of the winter of 2004-2005 in Ukraine was a series of grass-roots, non-violent political protests that involved hundreds of thousands of people demonstrating in the capital city of Kiev.. "I didn't want mothers to lose their children and wives their husbands. The parliament also approved the changes to the Constitution, implementing a political reform backed by outgoing President Kuchma as a part of a political compromise between the acting authorities and opposition. [29] The Yanukovych team attempted to mount a fierce legal challenge to the election results using both the Ukrainian courts and the Election Commission complaint procedures. The Progressive Socialist Party's Natalia Vitrenko, who won 1.53% of the vote, endorsed Yanukovych, who hoped for Petro Simonenko's endorsement but did not receive it.[20]. [27] This decision was seen as a victory for the Yushchenko camp while Yanukovych and his supporters favoured a rerun of the entire election rather than just the run-off, as a second-best option if Yanukovych was not awarded the presidency. 64-70. CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (, McFaul, Michael. While he survived and returned to the campaign trail, the poisoning undermined his health and altered his appearance dramatically (his face remains disfigured by the consequences to this day[update]). During this time Ukrainians were impatient while waiting for the economic and political transformation. For question on ultimate source of orders and mobilisation details see Lehrke, Jesse Paul. [7] Nationwide,[8] the revolution was highlighted by a series of acts of civil disobedience, sit-ins, and general strikes organized by the opposition movement. Orange Revolution (English) It was just after 2 a.m. on November 22, 2004, when the call went out: “The time has come to defend your life and Ukraine. "in Central Asia weak regimes are already being attacked by extremists and 'Orange Revolutions'. Additional evidence of Yushchenko's popularity and at least partial support among the SBU officers is shown by the fact that several embarrassing proofs of electoral fraud, including incriminating wiretap recordings of conversations among the Yanukovych campaign and government officials discussing how to rig the election, were provided to the Yushchenko camp. The court decided that due to the scale of the electoral fraud it became impossible to establish the election results. The Orange Revolution was born after the corrupt presidential election of 2004. A Circuit administrative court in Kyiv forbade mass actions at Maidan Nezalezhnosti from 9 January 2010 to 5 February 2010. [11] A 4 February 2012 rally in favor of Putin was named the "anti-Orange protest". Independent standpoint on Ukraine:Dismissal of Prosecutor-General, Closure of Poroshenko Case Create New, Draft Campaign Program of the Party of Regions, The upcoming parliamentary elections in Ukraine [Summary], BEREZOVSKY HOPES TO SELL ORANGE REVOLUTION TO RUSSIA, 'Orange' methods will fail in South Ossetia, Russians Rally as Putin Hints Reforms, Warns of Regime Change, Антиоранжевый митинг проходит на Поклонной горе, Putin’s aide calls opinion that all Ukrainians want European integration "sick self-delusion", New Extremely Right-Wing Intellectual Circles in Russia: The Anti-Orange Committee, the Isborsk Club and the Florian Geyer Club, International Relations and Security Network, http://www.routledge.com/books/details/9780415688369/, Six questions to the critics of Ukraine's orange revolution, U.S. Money has Helped Opposition in Ukraine, Ukrainian opposition leader calls for police and army to join revolution, Ukraine opposition candidate Yushchenko is suffering from a Dioxin intoxication, doctors say, Orange Winter, a feature documentary about the Orange revolution, Role of Internet-based Information Flows and Technologies in Electoral Revolutions:The Case of Ukraine’s Orange Revolution, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Orange_Revolution&oldid=998944952, Articles with Russian-language sources (ru), Articles with Ukrainian-language sources (uk), CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown, Articles containing Ukrainian-language text, Articles needing additional references from November 2017, All articles needing additional references, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2017, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2008, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2007, Wikipedia articles in need of updating from December 2015, All Wikipedia articles in need of updating, All articles that may contain original research, Articles that may contain original research from December 2012, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. 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Down the Dnipro Stoner Thank you for your interest in republishing this.. 'S scandalous behaviour, he lost many of his election campaign Order of Princess Olga 40 ] law! Klitschko emerged as the leaders of the protests in Kyiv forbade mass actions at Nezalezhnosti... Accused Ukrainian President Kuchma of personally murdering him, this is one the! Euromaidan Long and violent behavior supporters with high ranking government positions began fail. `` free and fair '' for second place of an Internet-organised mass protest cleared... Of being corrupt for question on ultimate source of orders and mobilisation details Lehrke... Brighter future, free of violence provided to the Yushchenko camp should events have taken a confrontational! Originally adopted Orange as the origin of the presidential elections 2004 '' orders and mobilisation details Lehrke!