Adult flies normally live for two to four weeks, but can hibernate during the winter. For these reasons, they are considered pests. Email Address. [28], The larvae depend on warmth and sufficient moisture to develop; generally, the warmer the temperature, the faster they grow. Muscidae are a family of flies found in the superfamily Muscoidea. They are thought to have originated in the southern Palearctic region, particularly the Middle East. Housefly Musca domestica. Subscribe. It is the most common fly species found in houses. [19], The housefly was first described as Musca domestica in 1758 based on the common European specimens by the Swedish botanist and zoologist Carl Linnaeus in his Systema naturae and continues to be classified under that name. [42][43], Houseflies can fly for several kilometers from their breeding places,[44] carrying a wide variety of organisms on their hairs, mouthparts, vomitus, and feces. They may also be used for other effects as in the Flemish painting, the Master of Frankfurt (1496). Muscidae, some of which are commonly known as house flies or stable flies due to their synanthropy, are worldwide in distribution and contain almost 4,000 described species in over 100 genera. The pair of large compound eyes almost touch in the male, but are more widely separated in the female. The females tend to be larger winged than males, while males have relatively longer legs. [14] Larval development takes from two weeks, under optimal conditions, to 30 days or more in cooler conditions. Why is it so hard to swat a housefly? cumulative age-related cellular alterations, "Q. [20] A more detailed description was given in 1776 by the Danish entomologist Johan Christian Fabricius in his Genera Insectorum. Grants DRL 0089283, DRL 0628151, DUE 0633095, DRL 0918590, and DUE 1122742. [53], The ability of housefly larvae to feed and develop in a wide range of decaying organic matter is important for recycling of nutrients in nature. Disclaimer: The housefly (Musca domestica) is a fly of the suborder Cyclorrhapha. They arouse in the spring when the weather warms up, and search out a place to lay their eggs. The laying pan includes substances capable of attracting the imagoes of Musca Domestica to lay eggs in the laying pan. Adults are gray to black, with 4 dark, longitudinal lines on the thorax, slightly hairy bodies, and a single pair of membranous wings. After two to five days of development, these metamorphose into reddish-brown pupae, about 8 millimetres (3⁄8 inch) long. The female housefly usually mates only once and stores the sperm for later use. MUSCA DOMESTICA. [49], In the early 20th century, Canadian public health workers believed that the control of houseflies was important in controlling the spread of tuberculosis. Genul: Musca; Specii: M. Domestica; Musca de casa este, probabil, cel mai comun și răspândit animal din lume. [75][76][77], William Blake's 1794 poem "The Fly", part of his collection Songs of Experience, deals with the insect's mortality, subject to uncontrollable circumstances, just like humans. They have three simple eyes (ocelli) and a pair of short antennae. Among the various glutathione transferase (GST) isozymes in insects, the delta- and epsilon-class GSTs fulfill critical functions during the detoxification of insecticides. TheHousefly(Musca domestica) is aflyof the suborderCyclorrhapha. [67] Sexual differentiation is controlled, as in other insects, by an ancient developmental switch, doublesex, which is regulated by the transformer protein in many different insects. Confused by a class within a class or The whole body is covered with short hairs. It includes Musca domestica (the housefly), as well as Musca autumnalis (the face fly or autumn housefly). Free and Open Access to Biodiversity Data. [70], In the 1970s, the aircraft modeler Frank Ehling constructed miniature balsa-wood aircraft powered by live houseflies. [14], When metamorphosis is complete, the adult housefly emerges from the pupa. It sees you coming in slow motion", "Metabolic rate and body size are linked with perception of temporal information", "Morphology and anatomy of adults: Mouthparts", "Uncovering Insect Stickiness: Structure and Properties of Hairy Attachment Devices", "Report of Species Belonging to the Genus Musca Linné, Including the Taxonomic Key (Diptera: Muscidae)", "Time flies, a new molecular time-scale for brachyceran fly evolution without a clock", "Gene flow among geographically diverse housefly populations (Musca domestica L.): a worldwide survey of mitochondrial diversity", "Episodic radiations in the fly tree of life", "Phylogeny of True Flies (Diptera): A 250 Million Year Old Success Story in Terrestrial Diversification", "Systematic relations among Philornis Meinert, Passeromyia Rodhain & Villeneuve and allied genera (Diptera, Muscidae)", United States Environmental Protection Agency, "Semiochemicals from ovaries of gravid females attract ovipositing female houseflies, Musca domestica", "First record of phoresy of pseudoscorpion, "Bizarre interactions and endgames: entomopathogenic fungi and their arthropod hosts", "Musca domestica salivary gland hypertrophy virus, a globally distributed insect virus that infects and sterilizes female houseflies", "Sustainable production of housefly (Musca domestica) larvae as a protein-rich feed ingredient by utilizing cattle manure", "Fly Pendants and Cylindrical and Spherical Beads, ca. [14], Houseflies play an important ecological role in breaking down and recycling organic matter. Eumetazoa: pictures (20647) Females normally mate only once and then reject further advances from males, while males mate multiple times. It is yellowish at first, darkening through red and brown to nearly black as it ages. Thank you! Este cea mai răspândită specie. [31], Adult houseflies are diurnal and rest at night. Musca domestica is the type-species of Musca, a genus originally created by Linnaeus for a variety of higher Diptera, many of which are now known to be in other families (including fruit flies, cheese skippers and hoverflies). The eggs, larvae, and pupae have many species of stage-specific parasites and parasitoids. Although a wide variety of sex-determination mechanisms exists in nature (e.g. It is present in all populated parts of Europe, Asia, Africa, Australasia, and the Americas. [5][6], The mouthparts are specially adapted for a liquid diet; the mandibles and maxillae are reduced and not functional, and the other mouthparts form a retractable, flexible proboscis with an enlarged, fleshy tip, the labellum. These include the introduction of another species, the black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens), whose larvae compete with those of the housefly for resources. Fans to create air movement or air barriers in doorways can deter houseflies from entering, and food premises often use fly-killing devices; sticky fly papers hanging from the ceiling are effective,[49] but electric "bug zappers" should not be used directly above food-handling areas because of scattering of contaminated insect parts. [3] The head is strongly convex in front and flat and slightly conical behind. We respect your privacy. Vibrio cholerae, which causes cholera, was the bacterium of choice, and was used in China in Baoshan in 1942, and in northern Shandong in 1943. Galapagos Species List - Musca domestica Linnaeus, 1758. This material is based upon work supported by the Genus: Musca. Musca is a genus of flies. Additional support has come from the Marisla Foundation, UM College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, Museum of Zoology, and Information and Technology Services. Order: Diptera. A method for breeding Musca Domestica includes placing imagoes of Musca Domestica in an environment having a temperature of 18-35° C. and having a humidity of 50-80%. [62] The introduction of dung beetles to churn up the surface of a manure heap and render it unsuitable for breeding is another approach. We crystalized MdGSTD1, the major delta-class GST isozyme in the housefly (Musca domestica), in complex with glutathione (GSH) and solved its structure at a resolution of 1.4 Å. Infected houseflies have been known to seek high temperatures that could suppress the growth of the fungus. Bradley A. Mullens, Amy C. Murillo, in Advances in Poultry Welfare, 2018. Home » Musca de casa – Musca domestica 05 iun. ), Hippoboscoidea (louse flies, bat flies, etc. Adults are mainly carnivorous; their primary food is animal matter, carrion, and feces, but they also consume milk, sugary substances, and rotting fruit and vegetables. [68] Mdmd causes male development by negatively regulating transformer. ), Oestroidea (blow flies, flesh flies, etc. [71] Studies of tethered houseflies have helped in the understanding of insect vision, sensory perception, and flight control. On inverted surfaces, they alter the gait to keep four feet stuck to the surface. Houseflies appear in literature from Ancient Greek myth and Aesop's The Impertinent Insect onwards. She lays batches of about 100 eggs on decaying organic matter such as food waste, carrion, or feces. [61], Several means of biological pest control have been investigated. The adults feed on a variety of liquid or semi-liquid substances, as well as solid materials which have been softened by their saliva. Myers, P., R. Espinosa, C. S. Parr, T. Jones, G. S. Hammond, and T. A. Dewey. Search in featureTaxon InformationContributor GalleriesTopicsClassification. Musca comuna, cunoscuta si sub denumirea de musca de casa, (stiintific: musca domestica) isi are originea din stepele Asiei centrale, dar acum o putem regasi pe toate continentele, fiind adaptate la toate tipurile de clima, de la cea tropicala pana la cea temperata. indicates the debate about the value of biodiversity, given that even those considered by humans as pests have their place in the world's ecosystems.[81]. Housefly eggs (about 1 mm long and white) are laid in … male and female heterogamy, haplodiploidy, environmental factors), the way sex is determined is usually fixed within a species. The ADW Team gratefully acknowledges their support. The abdomen is gray or yellowish with a dark stripe and irregular dark markings at the side. Pe timpul zilei, în interior, se odihnesc pe pardoseli, pereti si plafoane. In males, the ninth segment bears a pair of claspers for copulation, and the 10th bears anal cerci in both sexes. Please see our brief essay. Mating lasts 30 minutes to 2 hours. Females produce a pheromone, (Z)-9-tricosene (muscalure). This cuticular hydrocarbon is not released into the air and males sense it only on contact with females;[13] it has found use as in pest control, for luring males to fly traps. [55][56] Harvested maggots may be used as feed for animal nutrition. These soon hatch into legless white larvae, known as maggots. [80], Ogden Nash's humorous two-line 1942 poem "God in His wisdom made the fly/And then forgot to tell us why." Unhygienic rubbish tips are a prime housefly-breeding site, but if garbage is covered by a layer of soil, preferably daily, this can be avoided. This is because a male-determining gene (Mdmd) can be found on most or all housefly chromosomes. The head is hemispherical in shape and bears two lateral compound eyes. They live far from my office, so the follow-ups were also very sporadic. Agriculture Information Bulletin Number 673, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Housefly&oldid=997514804, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 31 December 2020, at 22:09. [27] A volatile semiochemical that is deposited by females on their eggs attracts other gravid females and leads to clustered egg deposition. [54] Housefly larvae can be mass-reared in a controlled manner in animal manure, reducing the bulk of waste and minimizing environmental risks of its disposal. [58] Another approach is the elimination as far as possible of potential breeding sites. I will soon be transitioning solely to a newsletter format. A laying pan is provided to attract the imagoes of Musca Domestica to lay eggs in the laying pan. Females tend to vary more in size[2] and there is geographic variation with larger individuals in higher latitudes. Like other Diptera, houseflies have only one pair of wings; what would be the hind pair is reduced to small halteres that aid in flight stability. [16][17], The housefly is probably the insect with the widest distribution in the world; it is largely associated with humans and has accompanied them around the globe. Type species; Musca domestica. Pupae complete their development in two to six days at 35 °C (95 °F), but may take 20 days or more at 14 °C (57 °F). "The etymology of Beelzebul has proceeded in several directions. Within a day, larvae (maggots) hatch from the eggs; they live and feed where they were laid. The eggs are white and are about 1.2 mm (1⁄16 in) in length, and they are deposited by the fly in a suitable place, usually dead and decaying organic matter, such as food waste, carrion, or feces. Genus: Musca . Aceasta trăieşte între 15 şi 25 de zile; depune câte 500 de ouă la intervale de la 4 la 20 de zile. Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia and eggs of helminths; e.g., Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, Hymenolepis nana, and Enterobius vermicularis. Having emerged from the pupa, it ceases to grow; a small fly is not necessarily a young fly, but is instead the result of getting insufficient food during the larval stage. [29] Pupae can range from about 8 to 20 milligrams in weight under different conditions. [38], Houseflies are a nuisance, disturbing people while at leisure and at work, but they are disliked principally because of their habits of contaminating foodstuffs. [73] In Greek mythology, Myiagros was a god who chased away flies during the sacrifices to Zeus and Athena; Zeus sent a fly to bite Pegasus, causing Bellerophon to fall back to Earth when he attempted to ride the winged steed to Mount Olympus. [51] In China, Mao Zedong's Four Pests Campaign between 1958 and 1962 exhorted the people to catch and kill houseflies, along with rats, mosquitoes, and sparrows. National Science Foundation Some of the more important are the parasitic wasps Muscidifurax uniraptor and Spalangia cameroni; these lay their eggs in the housefly larvae tissue and their offspring complete their development before the adult houseflies can emerge from the pupae. Adults are gray to black, with four dark, longitudinal lines on the thorax, slightly hairy bodies, and a single pair of membranous wings. [1], Adult houseflies are usually 6 to 7 mm (1⁄4 to 9⁄32 in) long with a wingspan of 13 to 15 mm (1⁄2 to 19⁄32 in). Help us improve the site by taking our survey. The American entomologist Vincent Dethier, in his humorous To Know A Fly (1962), pointed out that as a laboratory animal, houseflies did not trouble anyone sensitive to animal cruelty. Publicate de Fernando Vasi in Daunatori DDD, Presa servicii ddd, Rozatoare | Comentarii. Oxidative DNA damage 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine in houseflies was found in one study to increase with age and reduce life expectancy supporting the hypothesis that oxidative molecular damage is a causal factor in senescence (aging). 1539–1292 B.C.E. It has 10 segments which bear spiracles for respiration. It is the most common species found on hog and poultry farms, horse stables and ranches. They have red eyes, set farther apart in the slightly larger female. Most species are not synanthropic. Because of their close, commensal relationship with humans, they probably owe their worldwide dispersal to co-migration with humans. Musca domestica belongs to the family, muscoidea, the order, diptera, the class, insecta and the phylum, arthropoda. [52], During the Second World War, the Japanese worked on entomological warfare techniques under Shirō Ishii. [45] Disease-causing organisms on the outer surface of the housefly may survive for a few hours, but those in the crop or gut can be viable for several days. [14], Male houseflies are sexually mature after 16 hours and females after 24. As sequence data of GSTs from various insects including Drosophila melanogaster, Anopheles gambiae, and Anopheles dirushave been compiled, it has become difficult to assign some GSTs to either class I or class II. [13], The thorax is a shade of gray, sometimes even black, with four dark, longitudinal bands of even width on the dorsal surface. [69], The antimicrobial peptides produced by housefly maggots are of pharmacological interest. From the order, coleoptera, we have the important remedy, Cantharis. [8] They can be opportunistic blood feeders. New York: Doubleday. [62] Augmentative biological control by releasing parasitoids can be used, but houseflies breed so fast that the natural enemies are unable to keep up. Baalzebub (Heb ba˓al zĕbûb) seems to mean "lord of flies" (HALAT, 250, but cf. ), Each female housefly can lay up to 500 eggs in her lifetime, in several batches of about 75 to 150. The Latin name for the housefly is Musca domestica. Class: Insecta. Musca domestica (House fly) Status. This could be exploited to combat ever-increasing amounts of waste. They have red eyes, set farther apart in the slightly larger female. It is believed to have evolved in the Cenozoic Era, possibly in the Middle East, and has spread all over the world as a commensal of humans. [4], Though the order of flies (Diptera) is much older, true houseflies are believed to have evolved in the beginning of the Cenozoic Era. The adult housefly lives from two weeks to one month in the wild, or longer in benign laboratory conditions. The housefly (Musca domestica) is a fly of the suborder Cyclorrhapha. In temperate regions, 12 generations may occur per year, and in the tropics and subtropics, more than 20. Houseflies have been used in the laboratory in research into aging and sex determination. [12] Houseflies land on a ceiling by flying straight towards it; just before landing, they make a half roll and point all six legs at the surface, absorbing the shock with the front legs and sticking a moment later with the other four. Species: domestica. The Housefly is a ubiquitous insect found in close proximity to humanity wherever he has gone. Vol. Housefly is the common fly often found in houses. [49], Insecticides can be used. [9] Houseflies have chemoreceptors, organs of taste, on the tarsi of their legs, so they can identify foods such as sugars by walking over them. What got me to the remedy was: - The persistence and insistence--Coming around again, with another twist…! 14.2.3 Environmental pests. Denumirea în limba latina - Musca domestica. [15]:161–167 The systematic identification of species may require the use of region-specific taxonomic keys and can require dissections of the male reproductive parts for confirmation. ADW doesn't cover all species in the world, nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe. [74] In the traditional Navajo religion, Big Fly is an important spirit being. [14] Hister beetles feed on housefly larvae in manure heaps and the predatory mite Macrocheles muscae domesticae consumes housefly eggs, each mite eating 20 eggs per day. Aspect - De obicei are culoare gri, mai putin de 4 - 7.5 mm lungime si prezinta 4 dungi negre pe torace.. Comportament, Alimentatie & Obiceiuri - Ele prefera colturile si muchiile peretilor sau obiectele subtiri pentru a se odihni. Kingdom Animalia animals. Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Tattoo; Available design; Drawings; Art; Contact; Shop; Journal . © 2020 Regents of the University of Michigan. ( Hewitt, 1914; Marshall, 2006; Murvosh, et al., 1964; Robinson, 2005; Swan and Papp, 1972) Striking may also occur between two males because some male houseflies have incomplete sex recognition, and also because females exhibit low levels of sex pheromones. [35], The pathogenic fungus Entomophthora muscae causes a fatal disease in houseflies. A "swat that fly" contest was held for children in Montreal in 1912. Baoshan had been used by the Allies and bombing produced epidemics that killed 60,000 people in the initial stages, reaching a radius of 200 km which finally took a toll of 200,000 victims. Reviewed-Annotation score: -Experimental evidence at protein level i. Informatii, identificare si control. It is present in the Arctic, as well as in the tropics, where it is abundant. Musca domestica was proved by Susan Sonz and Robert Stewart of the New York School of Homœopathy in 1999. [39] Usually, too few bacteria are on the external surface of the houseflies (except perhaps for Shigella) to cause infection, so the main routes to human infection are through the housefly's regurgitation and defecation. This species is always found in association with humans or the activities of humans. Solid foods are softened with saliva before being sucked up. Musca domestica. To cite this page: [50] Houseflies were targeted in 1916, when a polio epidemic broke out in the eastern United States. [36] The housefly also acts as the alternative host to the parasitic nematode Habronema muscae that attacks horses. If inside a building after dark, they tend to congregate on ceilings, beams, and overhead wires, while out of doors, they crawl into foliage or long grass, or rest in shrubs and trees or on wires. In the housefly (Musca domestica), GSTs have been divided into two immunologically distinct classes, class I and class II. [33], Houseflies sometimes carry phoretic (nonparasitic) passengers, including mites such as Macrocheles muscaedomesticae[34] and the pseudoscorpion Lamprochernes chyzeri. After infection, the fungal hyphae grow throughout the body, killing the housefly in about five days. [39] However, housefly larvae are as nutritious as fish meal, and could be used to convert waste to insect-based animal feed for farmed fish and livestock. Houseflies walk with a common gait on horizontal and vertical surfaces with three legs in contact with the surface and three in movement. Physical controls include screening with small mesh or the use of vertical strips of plastic or strings of beads in doorways to prevent entry of houseflies into buildings. [56][57], Houseflies can be controlled, at least to some extent, by physical, chemical, or biological means. [18] The housefly's superfamily, Muscoidea, is most closely related to the Oestroidea (blow flies, flesh flies and allies), and more distantly to the Hippoboscoidea (louse flies, bat flies and allies). Musca domestica domestica Taxonomic Tree; Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom: Metazoa Phylum: Arthropoda Subphylum: Uniramia Class: Insecta; Host Animals; Bos taurus (cattle) Homo sapiens; Pathogens Vectored; Citrobacter freundii; influenza A virus; vesicular stomatitis virus The house fly, Musca domesticaLinnaeus, is a well-known cosmopolitan pest of both farm and home. Housefly amulets were popular in ancient Egypt. This is a sponge-like structure that is characterized by many grooves, called pseudotracheae, which suck up fluids by capillary action. [72], The Impertinent Insect is a group of five fables, sometimes ascribed to Aesop, concerning an insect, in one version a fly, which puffs itself up to seem important. The housefly, Musca domestica, is a serious threat to human and animal health.Houseflies are vectors of more than 100 human and animal intestinal diseases. Aerosols can be used in buildings to "zap" houseflies, but outside applications are only temporarily effective. They can carry pathogens on their bodies and in their feces, contaminate food, and contribute to the transfer of food-borne illnesses, while, in numbers, they can be physically annoying. Musca basilaris Macquart, 1843 Musca campicola Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863 Musca chilensis Macquart, 1843 Musca consanguinea Rondani, 1848 Musca contigua Walker, 1853 Musca cuthbertsoni Patton, 1936 Musca determinata Walker, 1853 Musca divaricata Awati, 1916 Musca divisa Meigen, 1975 Musca flavifacies Bigot, 1888 Homonyms Musca domestica Linnaeus, 1758 The pathogenic fungus Entomophthora muscae causes a fatal disease in houseflies their eggs into,... 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Name for the next step team is excited to announce ADW Pocket Guides pupae have many species of stage-specific and... More attractive to males, while males mate multiple times of insect,... 4 la 20 de zile 210,000 ; the occupying Japanese troops had been vaccinated in advance proceeded... Hatch into legless white larvae, but they can also transport disease-causing organisms: - persistence! In close proximity to humanity wherever he has gone claspers for copulation, and hasspread all over the worldas.... Later use many grooves, called pseudotracheae, which suck up fluids by capillary action yellowish at,... Larger female higher latitudes paintings, houseflies sometimes occur as memento mori, groups, ranches. Dark markings at the mouth end, and spiders ] Larval development takes from two weeks, but hibernate., known as maggots is provided to attract the imagoes of Musca domestica ), Hippoboscoidea ( flies... 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When a polio epidemic broke out in the tropics and subtropics, more than 20 genus=musca '' flickr.. Farther apart in the laying pan in the slightly larger female diptera, the aircraft modeler Frank Ehling miniature... This could be exploited to combat ever-increasing amounts of waste nuisance, outside... Bear spiracles for respiration in benign laboratory conditions is distinguished into head, thorax and....